Definition & Necessity of Irrigation
Definition of Irrigation
• The science of artificial application of water to the land in accordance with the‘crop requirements’ throughout the ‘crop period’ for ffullfledged nourishment of the crops is known as irrigation.
• The science of planning and designing a water supply system to the plants, crops for their normal growth during the period of no rainfall with the help of dam, weir, barrage, reserviour and canal system with headworks, cross drainage works and miscellaneous works of canal like canal fall is called Irrigation Engineering.
Necessity of Irrigation
The following are some factors which govern the necessity of irrigation.
• Insufficient Rainfall Irrigation is necessary in the areas where rainfall is insufficient for the satisfactory growth of the crops and the plants.
• Uneven or Non-Uniform Rainfall Distribution
The rainfall is not uniform at every place and throughout the year. It varies from place to pace and time to time. Therefore, in order to meet the water requirements of crops, it is essential to provide facilities for irrigation.
• Improvement of perennial crops
Some of the perennial crop requires water throughout the year. But rainfall is not uniform in all seasons of the year. Theses crops can not be produced perennially without water for all the seasons. For the
growth or production of those perennial crops,irrigation is necessary
• Development of Desert Area
The dry and desert areas can be converted to a beautiful cropland if irrigation water can be supplied as per need.
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