Sources of irrigation water , rainfall, runoff and catchment area
Sources of Irrigation Water
• Surface water sources
• Groundwater water sources
• Rainwater sources
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Surface water Sources
• Lakes
• Rivers
• Streams
• Drainage ditches
• Private ponds
Groundwater Sources
• Deep wells
• Shallow wells
• Shallow suction wells
• Horizontal suction wells
Rainfall and Run-off
Rainfall
The condensed atmospheric moisture is called
the rainfall.
Run-off
The amount of water which flows over the surface
of the earth after all the losses taking place is called
the run-off. It is measured in cm3/s or m3/s.
• As the rain continues, water reaching the
ground surface infiltrates into the soil until it reaches a stage where the rate of rainfall
(intensity) exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. Thereafter, surface puddles, ditches, and other depressions are filled (depression storage), after which runoff is generated.
Catchment Area
• The tract of length which contributes the run-off into a stream or reservoir is called
catchment (Basin) and its area is called
catchment area. The catchment area is
measured in hectares or square km(Km2)
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